Report Paper 작성 시 유의할 점

 

[Know How Do How]Report Paper 작성 시 유의할 점

Report Paper를 쓸 때 유의해야 될 것은 3 가지가 있습니다. 먼저, 제일 중요한 건데, 주제에서 벗어나지 않는 것입니다. 주제에서 벗어나지 않는 것쯤이야 쉬울 것 같지만 생각 보다 어렵습니다. 만약 Report가 주제에서 벗어났다면 선생님은 과감히 0점을 줍니다. 그러니까 꼭 주제를 제대로 이해하고 쓰기 시작해야 합니다. 다음 유의사항은 Bibliography를 제대로 작성하는 것입니다. 아직 우리나라에선 이런 관습이 정착되지 않았지만 외국에선 Bibliography를 제대로 작성하지 않고 Report를 쓰면 Plagiarism(표절)으로 고소당합니다. 그래서 그런지 민사고 선생님들은 Bibliography에 대해선 대단히 엄격하십니다. 마지막으로, Report를 다 쓰고 나서 꼭 한번 정독을 해봐야 합니다. Report내에서 자기주장과 모순되는 말을 했을 때 선생님께서 많은 점수를 깎으니까 특히 주의해야 합니다. 아 또 Report paper는 quantity 보단 quality가 중요합니다. 좀 짧아 보인다고 늘려 쓰는 것 보단 기왕에 쓴 것을 잘 정리하는 것이 좋을 것입니다. 

과연 어떤 것이 표절일까요. 어느 정도까지가 표절이라고 간주될까요. 아래 글은 예일대학교의 홈페이지에 가면 볼 수 있는 글입니다. 참고하면 표절에 대해서 이해할 수 있을 것입니다. 어떤 경우에도 표절은 하지 말아야 합니다.  

What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is usually defined as a discrete offense, a specific failure to give credit to a particular source. But it actually raises a much more fundamental question for writers: “Where is my voice in this project?” Seen in this light, the strategies that help you avoid plagiarism can also be strategies that help you gain power as a writer. Once your guiding question about your relationship to sources is “Where is my voice?” you are well on your way to using sources in an effective and legitimate way.

Plagiarism is the use of another’s work, words, or ideas without attribution. The word “plagiarism” comes from the Latin word for “kidnapper” and is considered a form of theft, a breach of honesty in the academic community. Plagiarizers suffer serious consequences in Yale College?including suspension or expulsion from school. (See the Yale College Undergraduate Regulations for more information.)

But beyond the risk of penalties, there are urgent moral and intellectual reasons to avoid plagiarism. When you write for an academic audience, you’re joining an ongoing conversation. When you plagiarize, you join that conversation on false grounds, representing yourself as someone you are not. What is more, the act of stealing another’s words or ideas erases your voice. It may be difficult to think of yourself as making an original contribution in the context of a class taught by an expert. But every assignment is an invitation to add something new to the conversation sparked by the course. You cannot make an original contribution if you are not the owner of the words and ideas that you present.

Plagiarism takes many forms, but it falls into three main categories: using a source’s language without quoting, using information from a source without attribution, and paraphrasing a source in a form that stays too close to the original. There are variations on these categories that you may not be familiar with, so see the Warning section for a fuller discussion of the rules and see the Fair Paraphrase section for a discussion of how to use a source’s idea in your own argument.

You must always make clear in your written work where you have borrowed from others?whether data, opinions, questions, ideas, or specific language. This obligation holds whether the sources are published or unpublished and whether they are in print or on the Internet. When in doubt, be sure to check with your instructor about how to acknowledge sources in your papers, especially since every academic discipline has its own conventions.

Yale College Undergraduate Regulations

The Yale College Executive Committee has approved the following memorandum to Yale College students as an explanatory supplement to General Conduct and Discipline, section A, of the Undergraduate Regulations.

C. Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the use of someone else's work, words, or ideas as if they were your own. Thus most forms of cheating on examinations are plagiarism; but we usually apply the word to papers rather than to examinations.

If you use a source for a paper, you must acknowledge it. Initially, many students fear that acknowledging sources obscures their own original contribution to a paper. But the very idea of writing in a university is to trace your participation in a conversation of scholars. Showing how your ideas derive from and comment on the ideas of others is one of the high achievements of mature academic writing. It would be a mistake to downplay this achievement in an attempt to suggest greater originality. What we really want to see is an intellectual interdependence between student writers and their sources.

What counts as a source varies greatly depending on the assignment, but the list certainly includes readings, lectures, Web sites, conversations, interviews, and other students' papers. Every academic discipline has its own conventions for acknowledging sources. Your instructor should make clear which conventions you must use. But even if you're confused about the specific punctuation and formatting, you must make clear in your written work where you have borrowed from others?whether data, opinions, questions, ideas, or specific language. This obligation holds whether the sources are published or unpublished.

Submission of an entire paper prepared by someone else is an especially egregious form of plagiarism, and is grounds for the imposition of a particularly serious penalty, even for expulsion from the University.

다음은 시카고 대학 출판부의  Doing Honest Work in College라는 책에 나오는 내용입니다.

The Three Principles of Academic Honesty(Doing Honest Work in College by Charles Lipson)

1. When you say you did the work yourself, you actually did it.

2. When you rely on others’ work, you cite it. When you use their words, you quote them openly and accurately, and you cite them, too.

3. When you present research materials, you present them fairly and truthfully. That’s true whether the research involves data, documents, or the writings of other scholars.

남의 글을 인용할 때는 반드시 인용했다는 표시를 해야 합니다. 그렇지 않은 경우 표절로 판정되며 과제나 시험에서 점수를 받을 수 없음은 물론 심한 경우 학교를 떠나야 하는 일까지 있습니다.